如何在 CentOS 中添加、启用和禁用一个仓库

在基于 RPM 的系统上，例如 RHEL、CentOS 等，我们中的许多人使用 yum 包管理器来管理软件的安装、删除、更新、搜索等。

Linux 发行版的大部分软件都来自发行版官方仓库。官方仓库包含大量免费和开源的应用和软件。它很容易安装和使用。

由于一些限制和专有问题，基于 RPM 的发行版在其官方仓库中没有提供某些包。另外，出于稳定性考虑，它不会提供最新版本的核心包。

为了克服这种情况，我们需要安装或启用需要的第三方仓库。对于基于 RPM 的系统，有许多第三方仓库可用，但所建议使用的仓库很少，因为这些不会替换大量的基础包。

建议阅读：

这可以在基于 RPM 的系统上完成，比如 RHEL, CentOS, OEL, Fedora 等。

Fedora 系统使用 dnf config-manager [options] [section …]
其它基于 RPM 的系统使用 yum-config-manager [options] [section …]

如何列出启用的仓库

只需运行以下命令即可检查系统上启用的仓库列表。

对于 CentOS/RHEL/OLE 系统：

# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id                                                       repo name                                                                 status
base                                                          CentOS-6 - Base                                                           6,706
extras                                                        CentOS-6 - Extras                                                            53
updates                                                       CentOS-6 - Updates                                                        1,255
repolist: 8,014

对于 Fedora 系统：

1	`# dnf repolist`

如何在系统中添加一个新仓库

每个仓库通常都提供自己的 .repo 文件。要将此类仓库添加到系统中，使用 root 用户运行以下命令。在我们的例子中将添加 EPEL 仓库和 IUS 社区仓库，见下文。

但是没有 .repo 文件可用于这些仓库。因此，我们使用以下方法进行安装。

对于 EPEL 仓库，因为它可以从 CentOS 额外仓库获得，所以运行以下命令来安装它。

1	`# yum install epel-release -y`

对于 IUS 社区仓库，运行以下 bash 脚本来安装。

1 2	`# curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh # sh setup-ius.sh`

如果你有 .repo 文件，在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中，只需运行以下命令来添加一个仓库。

# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager
adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo
grabbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo
example.repo                                             |  413 B     00:00
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo

对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来添加一个仓库：

1 2	`# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo`

如果在添加这些仓库之后运行 yum repolist 命令，你就可以看到新添加的仓库了。Yes，我看到了。

注意：每当运行 yum repolist 命令时，该命令会自动从相应的仓库获取更新，并将缓存保存在本地系统中。

# yum repolist

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink                                                                                                          | 6.1 kB     00:00
* epel: epel.mirror.constant.com
* ius: ius.mirror.constant.com
ius                                                                                                                    | 2.3 kB     00:00
repo id                                     repo name                                                                                   status
base                                        CentOS-6 - Base                                                                              6,706
epel                                        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                              12,505
extras                                      CentOS-6 - Extras                                                                               53
ius                                         IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                         390
updates                                     CentOS-6 - Updates                                                                           1,255
repolist: 20,909

每个仓库都有多个渠道，比如测试（Testing）、开发（Dev）和存档（Archive）等。通过导航到仓库文件位置，你可以更好地理解这一点。

# ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d
total 64K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 May 18 11:07 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 892 May 18 10:36 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.2K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo.rpmnew
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 May 18 10:41 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K Nov 4 2012 epel-testing.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-archive.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-dev.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 18 10:41 ius.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-testing.repo

如何在系统中启用一个仓库

当你在默认情况下添加一个新仓库时，它将启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 yum repolist 命令时获取了仓库信息。在某些情况下，如果你希望启用它们的测试、开发或存档仓库，使用以下命令。另外，我们还可以使用此命令启用任何禁用的仓库。

为了验证这一点，我们将启用 epel-testing.repo，运行下面的命令：

# yum-config-manager --enable epel-testing

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing =====================================================================================
[epel-testing]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing
cost = 1000
enabled = 1
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =

运行 yum repolist 命令来检查是否启用了 “epel-testing”。它被启用了，我可以从列表中看到它。

# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
epel/metalink                                                                                                                                                         |  18 kB     00:00
epel-testing/metalink                                                                                                                                                 |  17 kB     00:00
 * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
 * epel-testing: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
 * ius: mirror.team-cymru.com
base                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.7 kB     00:00
centos-sclo-sclo                                                                                                                                                      | 2.9 kB     00:00
epel                                                                                                                                                                  | 4.7 kB     00:00
epel/primary_db                                                                                                                                                       | 6.0 MB     00:00
epel-testing                                                                                                                                                          | 4.7 kB     00:00
epel-testing/primary_db                                                                                                                                               | 368 kB     00:00
extras                                                                                                                                                                | 3.4 kB     00:00
ius                                                                                                                                                                   | 2.3 kB     00:00
ius/primary_db                                                                                                                                                        | 216 kB     00:00
updates                                                                                                                                                               | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                                                                                                                                    | 8.1 MB     00:00 ...
repo id                                                                repo name                                                                                                       status
base                                                                   CentOS-6 - Base                                                                                                  6,706
centos-sclo-sclo                                                       CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo                                                                                               495
epel                                                                   Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                                                  12,509
epel-testing                                                           Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64                                                           809
extras                                                                 CentOS-6 - Extras                                                                                                   53
ius                                                                    IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                                             390
updates                                                                CentOS-6 - Updates                                                                                               1,288
repolist: 22,250

如果你想同时启用多个仓库，使用以下格式。这个命令将启用 epel、epel-testing 和 ius 仓库：

1	`# yum-config-manager --enable epel epel-testing ius`

对于 Fedora 系统，运行下面的命令来启用仓库：

1	`# dnf config-manager --set-enabled epel-testing`

如何在系统中禁用一个仓库

无论何时你在默认情况下添加一个新的仓库，它都会启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 yum repolist 命令时获取了仓库信息。如果你不想使用仓库，那么可以通过下面的命令来禁用它。

为了验证这点，我们将要禁用 epel-testing.repo 和 ius.repo，运行以下命令：

# yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing ius

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing =====================================================================================
[epel-testing]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing
cost = 1000
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =

========================================================================================= repo: ius =========================================================================================
[ius]
bandwidth = 0
base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6
baseurl =
cache = 0
cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius
cost = 1000
enabled = 0
enablegroups = True
exclude =
failovermethod = priority
ftp_disable_epsv = False
gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgcadir
gpgcakey =
gpgcheck = True
gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgdir
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY
hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/headers
http_caching = all
includepkgs =
keepalive = True
mdpolicy = group:primary
mediaid =
metadata_expire = 21600
metalink =
mirrorlist = https://mirrors.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-centos6&arch=x86_64&protocol=http
mirrorlist_expire = 86400
name = IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64
old_base_cache_dir =
password =
persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius
pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/packages
proxy = False
proxy_dict =
proxy_password =
proxy_username =
repo_gpgcheck = False
retries = 10
skip_if_unavailable = False
ssl_check_cert_permissions = True
sslcacert =
sslclientcert =
sslclientkey =
sslverify = True
throttle = 0
timeout = 30.0
username =

运行 yum repolist 命令检查 “epel-testing” 和 “ius” 仓库是否被禁用。它被禁用了，我不能看到那些仓库，除了 “epel”。

# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net
repo id                                                                     repo name                                                                                                  status
base                                                                        CentOS-6 - Base                                                                                             6,706
centos-sclo-sclo                                                            CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo                                                                                          495
epel                                        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64                                              12,505
extras                                                                      CentOS-6 - Extras                                                                                              53
updates                                                                     CentOS-6 - Updates                                                                                          1,288
repolist: 21,051

或者，我们可以运行以下命令查看详细信息：

# yum repolist all | grep "epel*\|ius*"
 * epel: mirror.steadfast.net
epel                       Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 enabled: 12,509
epel-debuginfo             Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-source                Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing               Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo     Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
epel-testing-source        Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled
ius                        IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive                IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive-debuginfo      IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-archive-source         IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-debuginfo              IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev                    IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev-debuginfo          IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-dev-source             IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-source                 IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing                IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing-debuginfo      IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled
ius-testing-source         IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled

对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来启用一个仓库：

1	`# dnf config-manager --set-disabled epel-testing`

或者，可以通过手动编辑适当的 repo 文件来完成。为此，打开相应的 repo 文件并将值从 enabled=0 改为 enabled=1（启用仓库）或从 enabled=1 变为 enabled=0（禁用仓库）。

即从：

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

改为：

[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6

via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-enable-disable-a-repository-dnf-yum-config-manager-on-linux/

作者：Prakash Subramanian 选题：lujun9972 译者：MjSeven 校对：wxy

本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国荣誉推出

技术

#仓库

如何在 CentOS 中添加、启用和禁用一个仓库

https://linuxcat.top/article-10219-1.html

作者

Prakash Subramanian

发布于

2018年11月10日

许可协议

CC-BY-NC

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