如何在 Arch Linux 中查找已安装的专有软件包？

你是狂热的自由软件支持者吗？你目前在使用任何基于 Arch 的 Linux 发行版吗？我有一个小小的提示送给你！现在，你可以轻松地在 Arch Linux 及其变体（如 Antergos、Manjaro Linux 等）中找到已安装的专有软件包。你无需在已安装软件包的网站中参考其许可细节，也无需使用任何其它外部工具来查明软件包是自由的还是专有的。（LCTT 译注：其实下面还是借助了一个外部程序）

在 Arch Linux 中查找已安装的专有软件包

一位开发人员开发了一个名为 “Absolutely Proprietary” 的实用程序，它是一种用于基于 Arch 发行版的专有软件包检测器。它将基于 Arch 系统中的所有安装包与 Parabola 的软件包 blacklist 和 aur-blacklist 进行比较，然后显示出你的斯托曼自由指数 Stallman Freedom Index （“自由/总计”比分）。此外，你可以将该列表保存到文件中，并与其他系统/用户共享或比较。

在安装之前，确保你安装了 Python 和 Git。

然后，git clone 仓库：

1 2	`git clone https://github.com/vmavromatis/absolutely-proprietary.git`

这条命令将会下载所有内容到你当前工作目录中的 absolutely-proprietary 目录。

进入此目录：

1 2	`cd absolutely-proprietary`

接着，使用以下命令查找已安装的专有软件：

1 2	`python main.py`

这条命令将会下载 blacklist.txt、aur-blacklist.txt，并将本地已安装的软件包与远程软件包进行比较并显示其指数。

以下是在我的 Arch Linux 桌面的示例输出：

Retrieving local packages (including AUR)...
Downloading https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/blacklist.txt
Downloading https://git.parabola.nu/blacklist.git/plain/aur-blacklist.txt
Comparing local packages to remote...
=============================================
47 ABSOLUTELY PROPRIETARY PACKAGES INSTALLED
=============================================

Your GNU/Linux is infected with 47 proprietary packages out of 1370 total installed.
Your Stallman Freedom Index is 96.57

+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Status | Libre Alternatives | Description |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| chromium-pepper-flash | nonfree | | proprietary Google Chrome EULA, missing sources |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| faac | nonfree | | [FIXME:description] is a GPL'ed package, but has non free code that can't be distributed und|
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| libunrar | nonfree | | part of nonfree unrar, Issue442 |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| opera | nonfree | | nonfree, nondistributable, built from binary installers, etc |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| shutter | nonfree | | need registered user to download (and access website) the source code and depends perl-net-d|
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ttf-ms-fonts | nonfree | | |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ttf-ubuntu-font-family | nonfree | | Ubuntu font license considered non-free by DFSG and Fedora |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| unace | nonfree | | license forbids making competing ACE archivers from unace |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| unrar | nonfree | unar | |
| | | fsf | |
| | | unrar | |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| virtualbox | nonfree | | contains BIOS which needs a nonfree compiler to build from source (OpenWatcom compiler), doe|
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| wordnet | nonfree | | |
+------------------------|---------|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+


Save list to file? (Y/n)

如你所见，我的系统中有 47 个专有软件包。就像我说的那样，我们可以将它保存到文件中稍后查看。为此，当提示你将列表保存在文件时，请按 y。然后按 y 接受默认值，或按 n 以你喜欢的格式和位置来保存它。

Save list to file? (Y/n) y
Save as markdown table? (Y/n) y
Save it to (/tmp/tmpkuky_082.md): y
The list is saved at /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md

You can review it from the command line
using the "less -S /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md"
or, if installed, the "most /home/sk/absolutely-proprietary/y.md" commands